Okwangoku, izifo eziphambili ezichaphazela impilo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yokubeka iinkukhu yi-MS, AE, IC, ILT, IB, H9, njl. Kodwa ngokumalunga nokulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho kwifama, i-IB kufuneka ibe kwindawo yokuqala. Ngokukodwa, iinkukhu ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuJuni 2017 zasuleleka kakhulu nge-IB.

I-1, Funda ngezizathu zesifo

Wonke umntu uqhelene nesifo se-IB. I-IBV yintsholongwane ye-serotype emininzi. Indlela ephambili yokusuleleka yinkqubo yokuphefumula, eyona nto ichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumula, inkqubo yokuzala, inkqubo ye-urinary, njl. Okwangoku, i-QX strain iyona nto iphambili yobhubhane. Sikwasebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezitofu zokugonya e-China, kuquka izitofu eziphilayo nezingasebenziyo. Ezona zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobo lobunzima: Ma5, H120, 28 / 86, H52, W93; 4 / 91 uhlobo: 4 / 91; Ldt3 / 03: ldt3-a; uhlobo lwe-QX: qxl87; Isitofu esingasebenziyo esinguM41 njalo njalo.

Izifo eziqhubekayo zokuphefumula kunye nezifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiweyo zizona zimbangela eziphambili ze-IB. Ezi zifo zibini zenza i-mucosa yokuphefumula yeenkukhu yonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Njengoko sonke siyazi, ukukhuselwa kwe-IB ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwi-antibody ye-mucosal, kwaye indlela ephambili yokusuleleka yinkqubo yokuphefumula. Umonakalo oqhubekayo okanye ophindaphindiweyo we-mucosal kubangela ukuhla kwezinga lokukhuselwa kwamajoni omzimba we-IB owenziwe ngexesha lenkukhu kunye nexesha lokuzala, elikhokelela kusulelo lwe-IBV.

Ngokukodwa, iindawo eziphakamileyo zesi sifo ziifama zenkukhu eziselula ezihlala zingena kwinkukhu, ezingekho zonke ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenkukhu, ezingenanto kwaye zingenanto engenanto xa imarike ilungile, iifama ze-polyculture ezahlukeneyo. amaqela eenkuku zeminyaka yobudala, kunye neefama ezisanda kufakwa kwimveliso yokufuya kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo.

Ke yintoni ebangela izifo eziqhubekayo zokuphefumla kunye nezifo zokuphefumla eziphindaphindiweyo kwixesha lokukhula kunye nokukhula? Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela?

Okokuqala, uxinzelelo olubandayo lomoya

Unobangela wesifo

Ukungena komoya okugqithisileyo, ingxaki yokulawula ubushushu, ukungena komoya kusondele kakhulu kwinkukhu, ixabiso loxinzelelo olubi alanelanga, isikhokelo somoya sibuyile, indlu yenkukhu ayivalwanga ngokuqinileyo, kukho umoya wesela, njl.

Iimpawu zeklinikhi

Ngequbuliso imeko yengqondo yeenkukhu zaba mbi, ukutya kwemihla ngemihla kwehla, amanzi okusela ehla, iintamo zabo zoma, iintsiba zabo zirhabaxa kwaye ziphazamisekile, umngxuma omnye okanye yomibini yempumlo yacaca, kwaye zathimla kwaye zikhohlela. auscultation ebusuku. Ukuba ukuthintela kunye nonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kuya kuba yintsholongwane yesibini kunye nezinye iintsholongwane.

Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula

Khetha elona xesha lisezantsi lobushushu emini, yiva iqondo lobushushu litshintsha kufutshane neenkukhu ezigulayo, jonga umthombo womoya obandayo, fumana oyena nobangela, kwaye uyisombulule ngokucokisekileyo.

Ukuba izinga lezehlo lingaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi, iinkukhu ziya kuphila ngokwemvelo emva kokulungelelanisa umoya. Ukuba ifunyenwe kamva kwaye izinga leziganeko lingaphezulu kwe-1% yabemi, kufuneka sithathe i-tylosin, i-doxycycline, i-Shuanghuanglian kunye nezinye iziyobisi zokukhusela kunye nonyango ngokweemfuno zesifo.

Okwesibini, umoya omncinci, i-ammonia kunye nezinye iigesi ezinobungozi zidlula umgangatho

Unobangela wesifo

Ukuze kugcinwe ukufudumala, izinga lokutshintsha umoya lincinci kakhulu, kwaye igesi eyingozi kwi-henhouse ayikhutshwa ngexesha. Ukongeza, ukubila okungaqhelekanga komgquba wenkukhu okubangelwa kukungakhululeki kwangethuba kunye nokuvuza kwamanzi kwingono yokusela kukwasisizathu sesi sifo.

Iimpawu zeklinikhi

Amehlo eenkukhu ayeneziphene, alala kunye ne-lacrimal, kwaye iinkophe zazibomvu kwaye zidumbile, ngakumbi kuluhlu oluphezulu okanye i-exhaust outlet. Iinkukhu ezimbalwa zikhohlele kwaye zirhona. Xa abantu behamba, iinkukhu ziyathanda ukungqengqa. Xa abantu besiza, iinkukhu ziba kwimeko engcono yengqondo. Akukho tshintsho lucacileyo lokutyisa nokusela amanzi.

Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula

Ngokomgangatho omncinci wokuphefumla, umlinganiselo wokungenisa umoya unqunywe. Xa ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokungqubana kwesantya esincinci sokuphefumla, ukugcinwa kobushushu kwakungahoywa ukuqinisekisa ubuncinci bezinga lokuphefumla.

Ukuze kwandiswe ubushushu bendlu yenkukhu, kufuneka siqwalasele umoya kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu bendlu yenkukhu. Ukutshintshwa kwangexesha kweengono ezivuzayo, ukulungiswa kwangexesha kobude bomgca wamanzi, ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi ngenxa yokuchukumisa inkukhu.

Coca ilindle lendlu yenkukhu kwangethuba ukuze uthintele irhasi eyingozi eveliswa lindle lokubila.

Okwesithathu, uxinzelelo olubi, i-hypoxia

Unobangela wesifo

I-henhouse evaliweyo inomthamo omkhulu womoya wokukhupha kunye ne-air inlet encinci, ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo olubi lwe-henhouse lugqithise umgangatho ixesha elide kwaye iinkukhu ziswele i-oksijini ixesha elide.

Iimpawu zeklinikhi

Kwakungekho ntsebenzo ingaqhelekanga kwiinkukhu. Iinkukhu ezininzi zaye zahlanjululwa ngenxa yokuphefumla ebusuku, ngakumbi kwiirales ezimanzi. Inani leenkuku ezifileyo landa. Ukuxinana kunye ne-necrosis kwenzeka kumphunga omnye weenkukhu ezifileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuvaleka kwetshizi kwenzeka kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchus.

Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula

Uxinzelelo olubi lunokulungelelaniswa kuluhlu olufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa isiguquli sokuphindaphinda ukunciphisa umthamo womoya wokukhupha i-fan okanye ukwandisa indawo yokungena emoyeni. Iinkukhu ezinesifo esiyingozi ziye zanyangwa nge-doxycycline kunye ne-neomycin.

Okwesine, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphantsi

Unobangela wesifo

Ngenxa yobuninzi besakhiwo se-anatomical yenkqubo yokuphefumula yeenkukhu, ngaphezu kokutshintshiselana kwe-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide, ukuphefumla kweenkukhu nazo zenza umsebenzi oyintloko wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Ngoko ke, kwindawo yokushisa okuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophantsi, inkqubo yokuphefumula yeenkukhu ingxamiseke ngakumbi, kwaye i-mucosa yendlela yokuphefumula isengozini yokulimala, okubangelwa ukuvela kwezifo zokuphefumula.

Iimpawu zeklinikhi

Iinkukhu zabonisa i-dyspnea, ukwandiswa kwentamo, ukuvula umlomo, ukuhlunguza intloko kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ebusuku, iinkukhu zazikhohlela, zikhala, zirhona kunye nezinye izandi zokuphefumla. Uqhoqhoqho lweenkukhu ezifileyo lwaluxinene, kwaye kuphela uqhoqhoqho kunye ne-bronchus embolism kwenzeka kwezinye iinkukhu.

Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula

Xa iqondo lokushisa lifanelekile, nikela ingqalelo ekunyuseni umswakama emoyeni we-henhouse, ngakumbi ngexesha le-chickling, umswakama ofanelekileyo ngenye yeemeko eziyimfuneko kwimpilo yeenkukhu. Ii-antibiotics ezibuthathaka ezifana ne-enrofloxacin, i-doxycycline kunye ne-expectorant antitussive amayeza okuthintela kunye nonyango.

Okwesihlanu, imeko yococeko lwendlu yenkukhu ihlwempuzekile, kwaye uthuli ludlula umgangatho ngokunzulu

Unobangela wesifo

Ebusika, umthamo womoya wokukhupha wendlu yenkukhu uba yincinci, indlu yenkukhu ayicocekanga, kwaye uthuli olusemoyeni lugqithise kakhulu umgangatho.

Iimpawu zeklinikhi

Iinkukhu zithimla, zikhohlele kwaye zirhone kakhulu. Emva kokungena kwindlu yeenkukhu, unokubona uthuli oludada emoyeni. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa, iimpahla zabantu kunye neenwele zonke ziluthuli olumhlophe. Izifo zokuphefumla kweenkukhu azinyangeki ixesha elide.

Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula

Xa ukushisa kuvunyelwe, umthamo womoya wokukhupha kufuneka unyuswe ukukhupha uthuli kwi-henhouse. Ukongezelela, ukucocwa kwangethuba kwendlu yenkukhu, i-humidification kunye nokunciphisa uthuli ziindlela ezilungileyo zokususa uthuli. Inzulu nge-tylosin, i-Shuanghuanglian kunye nolunye uthintelo kunye nonyango.