Izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla kwiinkukhu

Izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla sesinye sezona sulelo zixhaphakileyo zebhaktiriya ezisongela imihlambi kwihlabathi jikelele. Nje ukuba ingene emhlambini, ihlale apho. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuyigcina ngaphandle kwaye wenze ntoni xa enye yeenkukhu zakho yosulelekile?

Yintoni isifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumla kwiinkukhu?

I-Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) okanye i-mycoplasmosis sisifo esixhaphakileyo sokuphefumla esibangelwa yi-Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Iintaka zinamehlo anjengamanzi, ukukhutshwa kweempumlo, ukukhohlela, kunye nezandi zokuncwina. Sisifo senkukhu esixhaphake kakhulu ekunokuba nzima ukusiphelisa xa sele singenile emhlambini.

Iibhaktheriya ze-mycoplasma zikhetha iinkukhu eziphantsi koxinzelelo. Usulelo luhlala lulele emzimbeni wenkukhu, luthi gqi ngesiquphe xa inkukhu iphantsi koxinzelelo. Sakuba siqhamile isifo, siyosulela kakhulu kwaye sineendlela ezininzi zokusasazeka kumhlambi.

I-Mycoplasmosis sesinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo ezibonwa kwiiofisi zogqirha wezilwanyana. Imiqhagi kunye neetsali ezincinci zihlala zihlupheka kakhulu kusulelo.

Uncedo lokuqala kwimiba yokuphefumla kwinkukhu

• VetRx Veterinary Aid: Beka amathontsi ambalwa eVetRx efudumeleyo, ngqo ukusuka ebhotileni, ezantsi emqaleni wentaka ebusuku. Okanye nyibilikise iVetRx emanzini okusela (ithontsi elinye ikomityi enye).
• I-EquiSilver Solution: Yongeza isisombululo kwi-nebulizer. Bamba ngobunono imaski ye-nebulizer entloko, igqume umlomo kunye neempumlo ngokupheleleyo. Vumela i-nebulizer ukuba ijikeleze yonke inkqubo.
• I-Equa Holistics Probiotics: Fafaza isikhephu esi-1 ngamantshontsho angama-30 (ukususela kwi-0 ukuya kwiveki ezine ubudala), ngamantshontsho angama-20 (ukususela kwiiveki ezi-5 ukuya kwi-15 ubudala), okanye nge-10 leenkukhu ezindala (ezingaphezu kweeveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu) ekutyeni kwazo. yonke imihla.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba isifo sokuphefumla esiNgapheliyo sikhona kumhlambi wakho?

Ukuba unesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba inkukhu enye okanye ngaphezulu emhlambini wakho ingaba neCRD, okanye ukuba uyaziqaphela iimpawu zesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Qala ngokunikezela ngonyango "loNcedo lokuqala" ukunika isiqabu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokhathalelo lwenkxaso kwiintaka zakho. Okulandelayo, sebenzisa amanyathelo okuvalelwa kwaye ufune uncedo kugqirha wezilwanyana ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Uncedo lokuqala kwiZifo eziNgapheliyo zokuphefumla

Ekubeni esi sifo sihlala singasebenzi emhlambini ngonaphakade, akukho nyango lwaziwayo okanye imveliso inokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza ahlukeneyo angaphandle kwekhawuntara anokuphelisa iimpawu kwaye athuthuzele iinkukhu zakho.

Amanyathelo omawuwathathe emva kokukrokrela ukuba uneSifo esiNgapheliyo sokuphefumla kumhlambi wakho

1. Zibeke zodwa iinkukhu ezosulelekileyo kwaye uzibeke kwindawo ekhululekileyo enokufikelela lula emanzini nasekutyeni
2. Nciphisa uxinzelelo kwiintaka
3. Funa uncedo kugqirha wakho wezilwanyana ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango oluchanekileyo
4. Susa zonke iinkukhu ehokweni ukuze kubulawe iintsholongwane
5. Coca kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwimigangatho yeenkuku, iindlwana, iindonga, iisilingi, kunye neebhokisi zeendlwane.
6. Vumela ubuncinci iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuba i-hoop iphume emoyeni phambi kokuba ubuyise iintaka zakho ezingosulelwanga

Iimpawu zeSifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumla

Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngugqirha wezilwanyana kuphela onokwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuxilonga kukusebenzisa uvavanyo lwePCR lwexesha lokwenyani. Kodwa siza kujongana neempawu eziqhelekileyo zeCRD.

Isifo sokuphefumla esingapheliyo yiukuphefumla okuphezulu usulelo, kwaye zonke iimpawu zihambelana noxinzelelo lokuphefumla. Ekuqaleni, kunokubonakala ngathi lusulelo lwamehlo olungephi. Xa usulelo lusanda, iintaka ziba nobunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokukhutshwa kweempumlo.

Iimpawu zeZifo eziNgapheliyo zokuphefumla zezi:

• ukuthimla, ukukhohlela,izandi zokugigitheka,ukuhlunguzela intloko
• ukuzamla, ukuphefumla ngomlomo ovulekileyo, ukuphefumla
• ukukhutshwa kweempumlo kunye neempumlo ezizaliswe bubovu
• amanzi,amehlo anogwebu anamaqamza
• ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye nokuncipha kokutya
• ukuveliswa kweqanda elisezantsi

I-Mycoplasmosis idla ngokuvela njengengxaki kunye nezinye izifo kunye nezifo. Kwezo meko, ezinye iimpawu ezininzi zinokuvela.

Ubuzaza beempawu buyahluka ngokwesimo sokugonywa, ukuchaphazeleka okubandakanyekayo, ukungakhuseleki, kunye nobudala. Iimpawu zidla ngokuba buthathaka kwizikhukukazi ezindala.

Xa iiingxowa zomoyakwayeimiphungaInkukhu yosuleleka, isifo sinokubulala.

Izifo ezifanayo

Ukuxilongwa kunokuba nzima njengoko iimpawu zifana kakhulu nezinye izifo zokuphefumla, ezifana:

• I-Coryza eyosulelayo– kwakhona usulelo lwebhaktheriya
• I-Bronchitis esosulelayo-Isifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zentsholongwane ye-coronavirus
• I-Laryngotracheitis esosulelayo- usulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane ye-herpes
• Ikholera yeeNtaka– isifo sebhaktiriya esijika amanqatha enkukhu abe mfusa
• Isifo saseNewcastle– usulelo lwentsholongwane ngentsholongwane yeSifo saseNewcastle
• I-Avian influenza - usulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane
• Ukunqongophala kweVithamin A - ukunqongophala kwevithamin A

Ukudluliselwa kweMycoplasma

Isifo sokuphefumla esiNgapheliyo siyosulela kwaye sinokungeniswa emhlambini ngeentaka ezosulelekileyo. Ezi inokuba zezinye iinkukhu, kodwa kunye nee-turkeys okanye iintaka zasendle. Ibhaktheriya inokungeniswa ngempahla, izihlangu, izixhobo, okanye ulusu lwethu.

Xa sele ingaphakathi emhlambini, iintsholongwane zisasazeka ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo, ukutya namanzi angcolileyo, kunye ne-aerosols emoyeni. Ngelishwa, i-ejenti eyosulelayo isasazeka ngamaqanda, okwenza kube nzima ukuphelisa ibhaktheriya kumhlambi owosulelekileyo.

Ukusasaza kudla ngokucotha kakhulu, kwaye ukusasazwa emoyeni mhlawumbi ayisiyiyo eyona ndlela yokusasaza.

I-Mycoplasmosis kwiinkukhu ayisuleli ebantwini kwaye ayifaki mngcipheko kwimpilo. Ezinye iintlobo zeMycoplasma zinokuchaphazela abantu, kodwa ezi zahlukile kwezo zosulela iinkukhu zethu.

Unyango lweZifo eziNgapheliyo zokuphefumla

Uninzi lwe-antibiotics lunokunceda ekulweni ne-mycoplasmosis, kodwa akukho namnye kubo oya kususa ibhaktheriya ngokucokisekileyo. Wakuba umhlambi wosulelekile, iibhaktheriya zihlala zikhona. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunceda kuphela ukuchacha nokunciphisa usulelo kwezinye iinkukhu.

Esi sifo sihlala silele emhlambini ubomi bonke. Ngoko ke, kufuna unyango rhoqo ngenyanga ukugcina isifo sicinezelwe. Ukuba uthe wazisa iintaka ezintsha emhlambini, nazo ziyakosuleleka.

Abanini bomhlambi abaninzi bakhetha ukudiliza kwaye babuyisele umhlambi ngeentaka ezintsha. Naxa utshintsha zonke iintaka, kubalulekile ukubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo ngokucokisekileyo ukuphelisa zonke iintsholongwane.

Ngaba unokusinyanga isifo sokuphefumla esiNgapheliyoNgokwemvelo?

Njengoko isifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumla sihlala emhlambini ubomi bonke, iintaka kufuneka zinyangwe ngamayeza. Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba ibhaktheriya inganyangeki kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Ukuhlangabezana noku, izazinzulu zikhangela amayeza angama-herbal angamanye endaweni yokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngo-2017,abaphandi bafumanisaukuba izicatshulwa zesityalo seMeniran zisebenza kakhulu ngokuchasene neMycoplasma gallisepticum.

Imifuno ye-Meniran iqulethe iikhompawundi ezininzi ze-bioactive kunye nomsebenzi we-antibacterial, njenge-terpenoids, i-alkaloids, i-flavonoids, i-saponins, kunye ne-tannins.Izifundo zamvaiqinisekise ezi ziphumo kwaye yanika ingxelo yokuba i-Meniran extract 65% yokongeza ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo kwimpilo yenkukhu.

Ngelixa ezi ziphumo zithembisa, ungalindeli ukuphucuka okufanayo okukhulu kumayeza esintu xa kuthelekiswa namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Impembelelo yeSifo sokuphefumla esingapheliyo emva kokuchacha

Nasemva kokuchacha, iintaka zithwala iibhaktheriya ngokumva emizimbeni yazo. Ezi bhaktiriya azibangeli mpawu, kodwa ziyawuchaphazela umzimba wenkukhu. Esona siphumo siphambili kukuhla okuncinci kodwa okubonakalayo okungapheliyo kwimveliso yeqanda kwizikhukukazi ezizalela amaqanda.

Oku kuyafana nakwiinkukhu ezigonywe ngogonyo olufayo, njengoko siza kuxoxa kamva.

Imiba yoMngcipheko

Iinkukhu ezininzi zithwala ibhaktiriya kodwa azibonakalisi zimpawu de zibenoxinzelelo. Uxinzelelo lunokuvela ngeendlela ezininzi.

Imizekelo yezinto ezinobungozi ezinokubangela i-mycoplasmosis ebangelwa uxinzelelo ziquka:

• ukwazisa inkukhu kumhlambi omtsha
• umhlambi osindileyo aumhlaseliuhlaselo
• ukulahlekelwa ziintsiba ngexeshaukunyibilika
• urhabaxa okanyeimiqhagi endlongondlongo
• ukungabikho kwendawoehokweni yeenkukhu
• ukungondleki kunye nemikhwa yokutya okungenampilo
• ukudunga iukungena komoyakunye nomgangatho womoya ophantsi

Akusoloko kucaca ukuba yintoni i-stressors, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayithathi kakhulu ukuya kwindawo ye-tip-over point. Nokuba utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwemozulu kunye nemozulu lunokubangela uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokuba iMycoplasma ithathe.

Ukuthintelwa kweZifo eziNgapheliyo zokuphefumla

UThintelo lweZifo eziNgapheliyo zokuphefumla luquka izinto ezintathu eziphambili:

• ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphepha iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo
• ukuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emhlambini
• ugonyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuthetha:

• ukufumana iintaka kuphela kwimihlambi ekhululekile kwi-mycoplasmosis kwaye igonywe ngokupheleleyo
• beka naziphi na iinkukhu ezintsha kwindawo evalelwe yodwa iiveki ezimbalwa
• ziqhelise ukhuseleko olululo, ngakumbi xa undwendwela eminye imihlambi
• bonelela ngokwaneleyoukungena komoya kwihoko yeenkukhu; Umsi weammonia uyacaphukisa kwaye wenze buthathaka uqhoqhoqho lweenkukhu
• rhoqococa kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwihoko yenkukhu, abadli, nabankcenkceshela
• qinisekisaiinkukhu zinendawo eyaneleyo kwihoko yeenkukhu kwaye zibaleka
• ukubonelela ngeendawo zokukhusela ukukhusela uxinzelelo lobushushu okanye ukushisa kwangaphandle kwiimeko zokukhenkceza
• ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa okanye umonakalo weentsiba ngepeepers ezingenapinikunye/okanyeiisali zeenkukhu
• predator ubungqina kwihoko yenkukhu yakhoamarhamncwa aqhelekileyo kwindawo yakho
• nika umhlambi wakho ukutya okufanelekileyo kwaye wongeze izongezo zeentaka ezibuthathaka

Onke la manyathelo abalulekile xa usebenza namantshontsho. Luluhlu olude lweenqobo zokugweba, kodwa uninzi lwale milinganiselo kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yendlela yakho eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla. Kuyanceda ukongeza izongezo ze-antibiotics kumanzi okusela kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo.

Ngoku, kukho into emayithethiwe malunga nogonyo.

Ugonyo lweMycoplasmosis

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezitofu ezifumanekayo:

• iintsholongwane– izitofu zokugonya ezisekelwe kwiibhaktheriya ezibuleweyo nezingasebenziyo
• izitofu zokugonya eziphilayo- izitofu zokugonya ezisekwe kwibhaktheriya ephilayo ebuthathaka ye-F-strain, i-ts-11 yoxinzelelo, okanye i-6/85 yeentlobo

Iintsholongwane

Iintsholongwane zezona zikhuselekileyo kuba zingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo kwaye azikwazi ukugulisa iinkukhu. Kodwa azisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko ziza neendleko eziphezulu. Kananjalo azisebenzi kangako kunezitofu zokugonya njengoko zinokulawula okwexeshana usulelo kwaye azinampembelelo ibonakalayo ekukhuseleni amagciwane.inkqubo yokuphefumla yenkukhukwixesha elide (Kleven). Ngoko ke, iintaka kufuneka zifumane iidosi eziphindaphindiweyo zezitofu zokugonya.

Amachiza aphilayo

Ugonyo oluphilayo lusebenza ngakumbi, kodwa luqulathe eyona bhaktheriya. Zinobugwenxa kwaye ziza nemiphumo emibi. Imihlambi egonyiweyo ineemveliso ezihlileyo zamaqanda xa kuthelekiswa nemihlambi engagonywanga ngokupheleleyo.Izazinzuluiphanda 132 imihlambi yorhwebo kwaye ingxelo umahluko malunga amaqanda asibhozo ngonyaka umaleko wesikhukukazi. Lo mahluko awukho kumhlambi omncinci wasemva kwendlu kodwa ubalulekile kwiifama ezinkulu zeenkukhu.

Eyona ntsilelo ibalulekileyo yezitofu eziphilayo kukuba zigulisa iintaka. Ziyasithwala eso sifo, zisidlulisele kwezinye iintaka. Le yingxaki enkulu kubanini beenkukhu abagcina ii-turkeys. Kwii-turkeys, imeko imbi kakhulu kuneenkukhu kwaye iza neempawu ezinzima. Ingakumbi izitofu ezisekelwe ku-F-strain ziyingozi kakhulu.

Ezinye izitofu zokugonya ziye zaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwi-ts-11 kunye ne-6/85 kwiintlobo zokoyisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-vaccine ye-F-strain. Ezi zitofu zokugonya azina-pathogenic encinci kodwa zithande ukungasebenzi kakuhle nazo. Eminye imihlambi eyaye yagonywa nge-ts-11 kunye ne-6/85 yamatyathanga yayisenoqhambuko kwaye kwafuneka ukuba iphinde igonywe ngeentlobo ze-F-strain.

Amachiza exesha elizayo

Okwangoku, izazinzulubayaphandaiindlela ezintsha zokoyisa imiba ngezitofu zokugonya ezikhoyo. Ezi zitofu zisebenzisa ubuchule bale mihla, njengophuhliso lwesitofu sokugonya esisekwe kwi-adenovirus. Ezi zitofu zenoveli zibonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo kwaye amathuba okuba ziya kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye zingabizi kakhulu kunokhetho lwangoku.

Ukuxhaphaka kweZifo eziNgapheliyo zokuphefumla

Eminye imithombo iqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-65 zeenkukhu zehlabathi zithwala ibhaktheriya yeMycoplasma. Sisifo sehlabathi jikelele, kodwa ukuxhaphaka kuyahluka kwilizwe ngalinye.

Umzekelo, kwiIvory Coast, ukuxhaphaka kweMycoplasma gallisepticum ngo-2021 kudlule i-90%-amanqaku kwiifama zenkukhu zanamhlanje eziphuculwe impilo ezingamashumi asibhozo. Ngokuchasene noko, kwiBheljiyam, Ukuxhaphaka kwe-M. Gallisepticum kwiingqimba kunye ne-broilers yayingaphantsi kweepesenti ezintlanu. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba oku kungenxa yokuba amaqanda okuzala aphantsi kweliso elisemthethweni eBelgium.

La ngamanani asemthethweni aphuma kwiifama zorhwebo zeenkukhu. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwimihlambi yenkukhu engasemva kwendlu engalawulekiyo.

Ukusebenzisana nezinye iiBhaktheriya kunye neZifo

Usulelo oluNgapheliyo lokuphefumla lubangelwa yiMycoplasma gallisepticum kwaye usulelo olungantsonkothanga kwiinkukhu lubonakala luthambile. Ngelishwa, iibhaktheriya zihlala zijoyina umkhosi wezinye iibhaktheriya. Ngokukodwa usulelo lwe-E. coli luyeza. Usulelo lwe-E. Coli lukhokelela ekudumbeni okukhulu kweengxowa zomoya, intliziyo kunye nesibindi.

Enyanisweni, i-Mycoplasma gallisepticum luhlobo olunye lwe-Mycoplasma. Kukho imijelo emininzi kwaye kuphela eminye yayo eya kukhokelela kwiSifo esiNgapheliyo sokuphefumla. Xa ugqirha wezilwanyana okanye igcisa laselebhu livavanya iSifo esiPheleleyo esiNgapheliyo, zenza uxilongo olwahlukileyo ukuze lwahlule i-mycoplasmas ebangela izifo. Yiyo loo nto besebenzisa uvavanyo lwePCR. Luvavanyo lwemolekyuli oluhlalutya i-swab ephezulu yokuphefumla ijonga imathiriyeli yemfuza yeMycoplasma gallisepticum.

Ngaphandle kwe-E. Coli, olunye usulelo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo lwesibini lubandakanyaIsifo saseNewcastle, Umkhuhlane weeNtaka,I-Bronchitis esosulelayo, kwayeI-Laryngotracheitis esosulelayo.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

I-Mycoplasma luhlobo oluphawulekayo lweebhaktheriya ezincinci ezingenalo udonga lweseli. Yiyo loo nto zixhathisa ngokukodwa kwii-antibiotics ezininzi. Uninzi lwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane abulala iintsholongwane ngokutshabalalisa udonga lwazo lweeseli.

Kukho amakhulu eentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibangela izifo zokuphefumla kwizilwanyana, izinambuzane kunye nabantu. Ezinye iintlobo zinokuchaphazela izityalo. Zonke ziza ngokweemilo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zinobukhulu obumalunga ne-100 nanometers, ziphakathi kwezona zinto zincinci ziphilayo zifunyenweyo.

Ubukhulu becala yiMycoplasma gallisepticum ebangela isifo sokuphefumla esiNgapheliyo kwiinkukhu, amantshontsho, amahobe, kunye nezinye iintaka. Nangona kunjalo, iinkukhu zisenokosuleleka ngaxeshanye neMycoplasma synoviae. Ezi bhaktheriya zikwachaphazela amathambo kunye namalungu enkukhu, ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yokuphefumla.

Isishwankathelo

Izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla, okanye i-mycoplasmosis, sisifo esixhaphakileyo esibangelwa luxinzelelo lwebhaktiriya esichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumula ephezulu yeenkukhu kunye nezinye iintaka. Sisifo esizingileyo, kwaye sakuba singenile emhlambini, sihlala apho. Nangona inganyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ibhaktheriya iyakuphila ngokumva nje emzimbeni wenkukhu.

Nje ukuba umhlambi wakho wosulelekile, kuya kufuneka ukhethe ukuwunciphisa okanye uqhubeke nomhlambi usazi ukuba usulelo lukhona. Azikho ezinye iinkukhu ezinokuziswa okanye zisuswe emhlambini.

Zininzi izitofu zokugonya ezikhoyo. Ezinye izitofu zisekelwe kwibhaktiriya engasebenziyo kwaye zikhuselekile kakhulu ukuba zisetyenziswe. Noko ke, azisebenzi kangako, zineendleko eziphantsi, yaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe rhoqo. Ezinye izitofu zokugonya zisekelwe kwiibhaktheriya eziphilayo kodwa ziya kosulela iinkukhu zakho. Oku kuyingxaki ngakumbi ukuba unama-turkeys, njengoko isifo sinzima kakhulu kwii-turkeys.

Iinkukhu ezisindayo kwesi sifo aziyi kubonakalisa iimpawu zokugula kodwa zinokubonisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, njengokuhla kwemveliso yamaqanda. Oku kuyasebenza nakwiinkukhu ezigonywe ngogonyo oluphilayo.