Ukuxoxa ngokusilela kwezintso kwakhona

-Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso-

Kwiintsuku ezili-10 ezidlulileyo okanye kunjalo, izinja ezimbini ziye zafumana ukusilela kwezintso, enye ihambile, kwaye omnye umnini-silwanyana sasekhaya usasebenza nzima ukuyinyanga. Isizathu sokuba sicace kakhulu malunga nokungaphumeleli kwezintso ngenxa yokuba ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqala lwe-biochemical, izikhombisi zesibindi kunye nezintso zazisempilweni kakhulu, kwaye kwakungekho zimpawu zokungaphumeleli kwezintso emzimbeni. Emva kweentsuku ezi-1-2 zovavanyo, umzimba ngequbuliso waziva ungakhululekanga, kunye nokuncipha kokutya, ubuthathaka emzimbeni, kunye nokutyhafa kwengqondo. Emva koko, ngosuku lwesithathu lokuya esibhedlele ukuxilongwa, izikhombisi zezintso zibonise ukungaphumeleli kwezintso ezicacileyo, kwaye izikhombisi zesibindi zanda. Kungekudala, ezinye izifo zelungu ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-uremia, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kunye ne-hepatic encephalopathy zavela enye emva kwenye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nasiphi na kwezi zifo zingakhokelela ekufeni kwezinja… Kutheni ukusilela kwezintso kusoyikisa nje? Ngaba kusekho ithemba emva kokungaphumeleli kwezintso?

Yintoni ukusilela kwezintso ezinjeni? Okokuqala, ukusilela kwezintso ayisosifo esinye, kodwa ligama elidityanisiweyo leempendulo zezifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nempilo yezintso kunye nokwehla kokusebenza. Izintso ezisempilweni zinoxanduva lokulawula ulwelo emzimbeni, ukukhupha iihomoni eziyimfuneko ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukucoca i-toxins ye-metabolic, kunye nokugcina ibhalansi ye-electrolyte iyonke. Xa intso ineengxaki, ayikwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kudla ngokukhokelela kwi-anemia, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, i-acidosis, i-alkalosis kunye ne-uremia.

Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kwinja kunokwahlulwa ibe kukungaphumeleli kwezintso okubukhali kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezintso. Esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sokungaphumeleli kwezintso kunxulumene nokungeniswa kwetyhefu okanye usulelo, olunokubangela ukwehla ngequbuliso ekusebenzeni kwezintso kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ubuninzi bokusilela kwezintso ezinzima kunzima ukuchonga unobangela wesifo, ngaphandle kokuba liyeza elingachanekanga elinokumiselwa ngeerekhodi zamayeza. Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso okungapheliyo luphuhliso oluhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka, kunye nokuhla okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwezintso. EUnited States, inxalenye enkulu yayo inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuguga, kwaye e-China, ukutya okungapheliyo kwexesha elide kwizinto ezinobungozi okanye imikhuba yokutya engekho yesayensi nayo inxulumene. Isizathu sokungaphumeleli kwezintso kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa. Kuphela xa intso ilahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-75% yomsebenzi wayo kuya kubakho ukubonakaliswa kwebhubhoratri. Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba emva kokutya ukutya okuthile ngonyaka, akuyi kubakho iingxaki. Ngexesha elifikelela kwi-1 unyaka kunye nosuku olu-1, intso iya kuba yehla ukusuka kubuninzi ukuya kumgangatho, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwezintso.

Izinto ezibangela ukusilela kwezintso-

Nayiphi na into echaphazela impilo yezintso inokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwezintso. Ukuba zineenkcukacha, izizathu zinokwahlulwa ngokwezi ngongoma zilandelayo

I-1: Ukuguga akubonakali nje ebusweni obuthathaka kunye nokunyamezela, kodwa kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kakuhle kokuvuselelwa kweeseli ze-visceral, ngokuthe ngcembe kunciphisa ukusebenza kwelungu. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokungaphumeleli kwezintso okubangelwa zizinto ezingezizo zangaphandle. Kumanqaku angaphambili athetha ngezinja ezalupheleyo, siye sachaza ukuba izifo zentliziyo nezintso zezona zifo zixhaphakileyo zokufa kwezinja ezisele zikhulile.

I-2: Iingxaki zokuphuhliswa kokuzalwa okanye iingxaki zofuzo, ukuphuhliswa kwezintso ezingaqhelekanga, i-cysts yezintso, okanye ukuba nentso enye kuphela ekuzalweni kunokukhokelela kumthwalo obalulekileyo kwizintso, zonke ezinokubangela ukusilela kwezintso.

I-3: Usulelo lwebhaktheriya, izifo ezininzi ezosulelayo kunye neebhaktheriya zinokuhlasela izintso, zibangele umonakalo kwiiseli zezintso. Uninzi lwazo lubangelwa kuqubha kumanzi angcolileyo namdaka, okanye ukusela amanzi amdaka kwiindawo zasendle ngaphandle. Ezi bhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane zihlala zibangela ukudumba kwezintso kunye nokonakala kweeseli, kulandelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ukwanda koxinzelelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukusilela kwezintso.

I-4: I-Nephrotoxicity yimbangela eqhelekileyo yokungaphumeleli kwezintso e-China, kwaye izinto ezinobuthi zingonakalisa iiseli zezintso. Xa izinja zisitya ukutya okunetyhefu, okunjenge<em>antifreeze neenyibiba, ukutya okuninzi kunokubangela ukuba izintso zingasebenzi, yaye zingabi namayeza okunyanga; Amachiza amaninzi anokubangela ukusilela kwezintso, njengamayeza amaninzi abandayo kunye ne-gentamicin. Ubuncinci isiqingatha semiyalelo yeziyobisi sichaza ukuba isifo sezintso kufuneka siphathwe ngononophelo okanye idosi encitshisiweyo kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukusilela kwezintso.

I-5: Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwexesha elifutshane, urhudo oluqhubekayo, ukuhlanza, ukutshisa, ukopha okukhulu, i-ascites, njalo njalo.

-Ukusilela okuqatha okungapheliyo kwezintso-

Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso eziqatha nezingapheliyo zombini zizifo ezinobuzaza kakhulu ezinokusongela ubomi bezinja. Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso ngokukhawuleza kunokufa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa into enhle kukuba unyango olufanelekileyo, inhlanhla inokukhokelela ekubuyiseleni ngokupheleleyo. Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso okungapheliyo kunokungabonakali iimpawu ezicacileyo kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kuphakathi kwaye akunakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Inokugcina kuphela izintso ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo komsebenzi kunye nokwandisa umgangatho wobomi.

Ngokutsho kwe-International Renal Association (IRIS), ukungaphumeleli kwezintso ezingapheliyo kuhlelwe kumanqanaba amane. Okukhona inqanaba liphezulu, kokukhona iimpawu ziba namava ezilwanyana zasekhaya, kwaye unyango lwakwangoko, kokukhona ubomi bazo bubude. Ngokwezibalo zombutho, ixesha lokusinda kwezinja kwinqanaba lokuqala lokungaphumeleli kwezintso lidlula iintsuku ezingama-400, ixesha lokusinda eliphakathi kwinqanaba lesibini liyientsuku ezingama-200-400, inqanaba lesithathu ziintsuku ezingama-100-200, kwaye ukusinda. ixesha kwisigaba sesine kuphela 14-80 iintsuku. Ngokwenyani, ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kwezifo kunye nokhathalelo lwesayensi lwabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya badlala indima eqinisekileyo kubude bobomi. Ngaphandle kwe-dialysis, akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lwechiza lokusilela kwezintso, ngoko ke isiphumo samayeza angakhethiyo sinokukhawulezisa isantya sophuhliso lwesifo.

Ekubeni ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kubalulekile, ziziphi iimpawu zokungaphumeleli kwezintso? Isizathu sokuba ukusilela kwe-renal okungapheliyo kunzima ukufumanisa kuba iimpawu zayo zokuqala zingabonakali kakhulu, kwaye ukufumanisa kudla ngokuhamba kunye nezinto ezizenzekelayo, ezifana nokunyuka komchamo kwi-bladder kunye nokunciphisa umchamo; Ngokomzekelo, ubuthathaka benkqubo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa ukuhla komxholo we-potassium egazini; Umzekelo, ukugabha rhoqo kunye norhudo ngamaxesha athile; Njengoko imeko iya isiba mandundu, kusenokubakho ezinye iimpawu ezicacileyo, ezifana negazi emchameni, ukozela nokutyhafa, i-anemia neentsini eziluthuthu, izilonda zomlomo ezizingisileyo, ukuncipha okuphawulekayo kobunzima bomzimba, ukuncipha kolawulo lobuchopho emzimbeni, ukuhamba ngokungazinzanga, ukuncipha komdla wokutya, umchamo ogqithisileyo kakhulu okanye owehlayo;

Emva kokufumana ezi mpawu zingasentla, ngoko nangoko thatha isilwanyana sakho usise kwisibhedlele esikufutshane esikufutshane ukuze sivavanywe ngemichiza. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-biochemical kunye nezinto ezili-16 okanye ngaphezulu, ekufuneka zibandakanye izikhombisi zezintso ezifana ne-creatinine, i-urea nitrogen, kunye ne-phosphorus. Ngenxa yokuba isibindi kunye neentso zihlala zikhula kunye, ukujonga izikhombisi zesibindi kubalulekile. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zoviwo, misela ubunjani bokungaphumeleli kwezintso, zama ukuchonga unobangela wokungaphumeleli kwezintso kangangoko kunokwenzeka, uze ufumane unyango olujoliswe kuyo. Ngokungqongqo, ngokungqongqo, kwaye emva koko ulawule ngokungqongqo ubomi kunye nokutya, ngale ndlela kuphela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kunokulibaziseka ngokusemandleni kwaye umgangatho wobomi unyuswe.