1.Kutshanje, abanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya bahlala beza kubuza ukuba ngaba iikati nezinja ezindala zisafuna ukugonywa kwangethuba minyaka le? Okokuqala, sizizibhedlele zezilwanyana zasekhaya ezikwi-Intanethi, sisebenzela abanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya kwilizwe liphela. Ugonyo lutofwa kwizibhedlele ezisemthethweni zengingqi, nto leyo engenanto yakwenza nathi. Ngoko ke asizukwenza mali ngokugonywa okanye ngaphandle kokugonywa. Ukongeza, nge-3 kaJanuwari, umnini-mfuyo oneminyaka emi-6 ubudala wenja enkulu wayesandul 'udliwano-ndlebe. Akazange aphinde afumane isitofu ngenxa yobhubhane kangangeenyanga ezili-10. Waya esibhedlele ukuze afumane unyango lokwenzakala kwiintsuku ezingama-20 ezidlulileyo, emva koko wosuleleka. Wayesandula kufunyaniswa ukuba une-nervous canine distemper, kwaye ubomi bakhe babusemngciphekweni. Umnini-silwanyana sasekhaya ngoku wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba achache kunyango. Ekuqaleni, akukho mntu wayecinga ukuba kuya kuba yi-canine distemper. Kwakrokrelwa ukuba yi-hypoglycemic convulsion. Ngubani onokucinga.

Okokuqala, kufuneka kucace ukuba okwangoku, yonke imibutho yezonyango yezilwanyana ikholelwa ukuba "izitofu zokugonya kufuneka zinikezelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo nangexesha ukuphepha ukugonywa kakhulu". Ndicinga ukuba umbuzo wokuba ingaba izilwanyana zasekhaya ezikhulileyo kufuneka zigonywe kwangethuba ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo inkxalabo kunye nengxoxo yabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya eTshayina. Yavela kuloyiko kunye nexhala lokugonya kwabantu eYurophu nase-United States, emva koko yaphuhliswa yaba zizilwanyana zasekhaya. Kushishino lwezilwanyana lwaseYurophu naseMelika, igama elikhethekileyo lale “lisisitofu sokugonya esihexayo”.

Ngophuhliso lwe-Intanethi, wonke umntu unokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kwi-Intanethi, ngoko ke inani elikhulu lamanqaku olwazi angaqondakaliyo landiswe ngokungenasiphelo. Ngokuphathelele ingxaki yesitofu sokugonya, emva kweminyaka emithathu ye-COVID-19, wonke umntu uyazi ngokucacileyo ukuba uphantsi kangakanani na umgangatho wabantu baseYurophu naseMelika, nokuba kuyingozi ngokwenene okanye akunjalo, ngokufutshane, ukungathembani kugxile ezingqondweni zabantu abaninzi, ukwenzela ukuba i-World Health Organization iya kuluhlu "Ukugonywa kwe-Vaccine" njengeyona nto isoyikiso kwihlabathi kwi-2019. Emva koko, i-World Veterinary Association idwelise umxholo we-2019 International Pet Knowledge kunye noSuku lweZilwanyana ngokuthi "ixabiso lokugonya".

Ndiyakholelwa ukuba wonke umntu uya kufuna ukwazi ukuba ngaba kunyanzelekile na ukugonya kwangexesha, nokuba isilwanyana sasekhaya sindala, okanye kuya kubakho izilwa-buhlungu ezizingileyo emva kogonyo oluninzi?

2.Ngenxa yokuba akukho migaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, imimiselo kunye nophando e-China, zonke izikhombisi zam zivela kwimibutho emibini yezilwanyana ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-150 ubudala, i-American Veterinary Association AVMA kunye ne-International Veterinary Association WVA. Imibutho yezonyango yezilwanyana esemthethweni emhlabeni jikelele iya kucebisa ukuba izilwanyana zigonywe rhoqo kwaye ngokwexabiso elifanelekileyo.

EUnited States, imithetho yelizwe imisela ukuba abanikazi bezilwanyana zasekhaya kufuneka bagonye izilwanyana zabo zasekhaya kumgada kwangethuba, kodwa bangazinyanzeli ukuba zigonye ezinye izitofu (ezifana nezitofu eziphindwe kane nezine). Apha kufuneka sicacise ukuba i-United States ibhengeze ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwazo zonke iintsholongwane ze-pet rabies, ngoko ke injongo yokugonywa kwi-rabies kukunciphisa amathuba okuxakeka.

NgoJanuwari 2016, i-World Small Animal Veterinary Association yakhupha "Izikhokelo zokugonywa kwezinja kunye neekati eMhlabeni", edweliswe isitofu sokugonya esingundoqo kwizinja ezibandakanya "i-canine distemper virus vaccine, isitofu sokugonya i-canine adenovirus kunye ne-parvovirus yohlobo lwe-2 eyahlukileyo", kunye nesitofu sokugonya esingundoqo kwiikati kuquka "isitofu sokugonya i-cat parvovirus, isitofu sokugonya i-calicivirus, kunye nesitofu sokugonya i-herpesvirus yekati". Emva koko, i-American Association of Animal Hospitals ihlaziywe imixholo yayo kabini kwi-2017 / 2018, Inguqulo yakamuva ye-2022 ithi "zonke izinja kufuneka zigonywe ngezitofu ezingundoqo ezilandelayo, ngaphandle kokuba zingenako ukugonywa ngenxa yesifo, i-canine distemper / adenovirus / parvovirus /parainfluenza/rabies”. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ngokukodwa kwimiyalelo yokuba xa isitofu sokugonya sinokuphelelwa okanye singaziwayo, owona mgaqo ulungileyo uthi "ukuba uyathandabuza, nceda ugonye". Kunokubonwa ukuba ukubaluleka kwesitofu sokugonya kwisiphumo esihle kuphezulu kakhulu kunokuthandabuza kwinethiwekhi.

3.Ngo-2020, iJenali ye-American Veterinary Association yazisa ngokukodwa kwaye yaqeqesha bonke oogqirha bezilwanyana, igxile “Njani iiNgcali zoNyango lweZilwanyana zijongana noCelomngeni lokugonywa”. Eli nqaku ikakhulu libonelele ngeembono kunye neendlela zengxoxo, licacisa kwaye likhuthaza abathengi abakholelwa ukuba ugonyo lunokuba yingozi kwisilo-qabane sabo. Isiqalo sabo bobabini abanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye noogqirha bezilwanyana zenzelwe impilo yezilwanyana zasekhaya, kodwa abanikazi bezilwanyana banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwezinye izifo ezingaziwayo ezinokwenzeka, ngelixa oogqirha benikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwizifo ezosulelayo ezinokujongana ngqo nangaliphi na ixesha.

Ndixoxe ngomba wogonyo kunye nabanini-zilwanyane abaninzi ekhaya naphesheya, kwaye ndifumene into enomdla kakhulu. Abanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya eYurophu nase-United States banenkxalabo enkulu "ngoxinzelelo" olubangelwa kugonyo lwezilwanyana zasekhaya, ngelixa abanini bezilwanyana zaseTshayina banexhala "ngomhlaza" obangelwa kugonyo lwesilwanyana sasekhaya. Ezi nkxalabo zivela kwezinye iiwebhusayithi ezithi ziyindalo okanye zisempilweni, apho zilumkisa ngengozi yokugonywa kakhulu kweekati kunye nezinja. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emininzi yokulandela umva kumthombo wengxelo, akukho webhusayithi ichaze intsingiselo yokugonya kakhulu. Isitofu esinye ngonyaka? Izitofu ezimbini ngonyaka? Okanye isitofu rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu?

Ezi webhusayithi zikwalumkisa malunga nobungozi bexesha elide obunokubakho bogonyo olungaphezulu, ngakumbi ukuba kungenzeka kwezifo zokhuselo lomzimba kunye nomhlaza. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho ziko okanye umntu obonelele ngazo naziphi na iinkcukacha-manani malunga nezinga lezehlo zezifo kunye nomhlaza onxulumene nogonyo olungaphaya kogonyo olusekwe kuvavanyo okanye kuphononongo lwamanani, kwaye akukho mntu unike nayiphi na idatha ukubonisa ubungqina bobudlelwane phakathi kogonyo kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo ezingapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo owenziwe ngala mazwi kwizilwanyana zasekhaya uye wacaca. Ngokutsho kweNgxelo yoLuntu lweZilwanyana zase-UK, izinga lokugonywa kokuqala kweekati, izinja kunye nemivundla e-UK ngexesha lobuncinci babo laliyi-84% ngo-2016, kwaye lehla laya kuma-66% ngo-2019. Nangona kunjalo, iquka ukuba uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo olubangelwa uqoqosho oluhlwempuzekileyo e-UK lubangele abanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya bangabi namali yokugonya.

Abanye oogqirha basekhaya okanye abanikazi bezilwanyana zasekhaya basenokuba bawafundile amaphepha ejenali yezilwanyana zasemzini ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yokufundwa okungaphelelanga okanye ukuthintelwa kwinqanaba lesiNgesi, ngoko ke banokuqonda okuphosakeleyo. Bacinga ukuba isitofu sokugonya siza kuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu emva kwamatyeli aliqela, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokuba bagonye minyaka le. Inyani yile, ngokutsho kweAmerican Veterinary Association, akuyomfuneko ukuba uninzi lwamachiza lugonywe kwakhona minyaka le. Igama eliphambili apha lithi "kakhulu". Njengoko besenditshilo ngaphambili, uMbutho weHlabathi weZilwanyana eziNcinane weZilwanyana wohlula izitofu zogonyo ezingundoqo kunye nezitofu ezingezizo ezingundoqo. Ugonyo olungundoqo luyacetyiswa ukuba lugonywe ngokweemfuno, ngelixa izitofu ezingezizo ezingundoqo zigqitywa ngokukhululekileyo ngabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya. Zimbalwa izitofu zokugonya ezifuywayo zasekhaya, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba zeziphi izitofu ezingezizo ezingundoqo, ezifana ne-leptospira, isifo seLyme, umkhuhlane we-canine, njl.

Ezi zitofu zogonyo zinexesha lokugonyeka, kodwa ikati kunye nenja nganye inexesha lesiphumo esahlukileyo ngenxa yemigaqo-siseko eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba izinja ezimbini kusapho lwakho zigonywe ngosuku olunye, enye isenokungabi nazo izilwa-buhlungu emva kweenyanga ezili-13, ize enye ifumane izilwa-buhlungu ezisebenzayo emva kweminyaka emi-3, nto leyo engumahluko ngamnye. Isitofu sokugonya sinokuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba ngubani na umntu ogonywe ngokuchanekileyo, isilwa-ntsholongwane sokuzikhusela singaqinisekiswa kangangeenyanga ezili-12 ubuncinane. Emva kweenyanga ezili-12, i-antibody inokwanela okanye ide inyamalale nangaliphi na ixesha. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ufuna ikati kunye nenja ekhaya zibe nezilwa-buhlungu nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye awufuni ukugonywa nge-booster antibody phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12, kufuneka ujonge ukuba ngaba i-antibody ikhona rhoqo, umzekelo, kanye ngeveki okanye nyanga zonke, ii-Antibodies awehli ngokuthe ngcembe kodwa zinokuhla ngokukhawuleza. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-antibody idibene nomgangatho kwinyanga enye edlulileyo, kwaye ayizukwanela kwinyanga enye kamva. Kwinqaku kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, sathetha ngokuthe ngqo malunga nendlela izinja ezimbini zasekhaya ezosulelwa ngayo ngumgada, nto leyo eyingozi ngakumbi kwizilwanyana zasekhaya ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwe-antibody.

Sigxininisa ngokukodwa ukuba zonke izitofu ezingundoqo azitsho ukuba kuya kubakho izilwa-buhlungu zexesha elide emva kokutofwa okumbalwa, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba zigonywe kamva. Akukho bungqina bamanani, iphepha okanye uvavanyo lokungqina ukuba ugonyo olufika kwangethuba nangexesha logonyo olufunekayo luya kukhokelela kumhlaza okanye ukudakumba. Xa kuthelekiswa neengxaki ezinokubakho ezibangelwa zizitofu zokugonya, indlela yokuphila engafanelekanga kunye nemikhwa yokutya engahambelani nenzululwazi iya kuzisa izifo ezinzulu ngakumbi kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.