PAET NYE

Inja emfutshane enempumlo

Ndihlala ndisiva iitshomi zisithi izinja ezingathi zizinja nezinja ezingathi zizinja zithetha okwezinja zolwimi.Ingaba uthetha ukuthini?I-90% yezinja esizibonayo zineempumlo ezinde, ezisisiphumo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo.Izinja ziye zavela ngeempumlo ezinde ukuze zibe nemvakalelo engcono yokujoja kwaye zivumele iiseli ezinuka ngakumbi.Ukongezelela, impumlo ende ifanelekile ngakumbi ukubaleka, ukuxosha nokuzingela.Okukhona umngxuma weempumlo umde kwaye umkhulu, kokukhona umoya unokuphefumlelwa kwaye ubushushu obuninzi bunokukhutshwa.

Ekubeni izinja ezinempumlo ezinde zisisiphumo sendaleko, zeziphi izinja ezinempumlo ezimfutshane?Zonke izinja ezineempumlo ezimfutshane zisisiphumo sokuzalana.Injongo yodwa kukubonakala kukuhle kwaye kumnandi.Ilizwe lethu lilizwe elikhulu lokulima izinja ezimfutshane.Mhlawumbi bubutyebi namandla oluntu lwamandulo, ngoko ke sililizwe lokuqala ukulima izinja ezifuywayo.Eyona nja idumileyo yaseBeijing (Jingba), Bago kunye noXishi zonke zizinja zokudlala ezidumileyo.Zibonakala ngemilenze emifutshane emine, impumlo emfutshane, ubuso obungqukuva kunye namehlo amakhulu, kunye nenkangeleko ethandekayo yomntwana.Umzekelo, izinja zaseBeijing zazizinja ezazihamba nabafazi baseRoyal kunye namashweshwe kwibhotwe lasehlotyeni.Iimfuno zokulima kukuba akufanele babe nomsebenzi omninzi, babaleke ngokukhawuleza, kube lula ukubamba, kwaye babe thandeka kwaye bafudumale baSoft, okanye indawo yeqela labasetyhini abasukela inja iya kuba neentloni kakhulu.

PAET EZIMBINI

Isifo sentliziyo

Ezi zinja zifutshane kwilizwe lethu ziye zakhuliswa ixesha elide.Enyanisweni, zininzi izifo ezimbalwa kunezinye izinja, kodwa ezinye izifo zivelele.Izifo zabo ikakhulu zizifo zentliziyo kunye nezifo zokuphefumula, kwaye imbangela yengcambu yimpumlo emfutshane.

Abahlobo abakhulise izinja zePeking kunye neepugs bayazi ukuba isifo senhliziyo asinakudlula.Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, baphila ubomi obude.Kuqhelekile ukuzikhulisa ngokwenzululwazi kwaye uzikhathalele ngononophelo.Kuqhelekile ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-16-18 ubudala, kwaye isifo senhliziyo siqhelekile kuyo yonke inja yolu hlobo.Uninzi lwazo luvela kwimfuzo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nophuhliso ebomini.Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuqala bumalunga neminyaka eyi-8-13 ubudala.Ibonakaliswa njengokungasebenzi, ukuphefumla komlomo ovulekileyo, ukudinwa lula, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla, ngakumbi ehlotyeni.

Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba ezi zinja zokudlala aziyithandi imisebenzi ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ezi mpawu zilula kakhulu ukuba zigqunywe.Ngoko ke, xa abanikazi bezilwanyana befumanisa oko, badla ngokuba nezifo ezinzulu yaye babe nengxaki yokuphefumla ngaphambi kokuba baye esibhedlele ukuze baxilongwe.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto zokuhlola ziquka i-X-ray ukumisela ubungakanani kunye nomlinganiselo wentliziyo, izibhedlele ezinezixhobo ze-ultrasound zenhliziyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhle bogqirha bunokugqiba umsebenzi wentliziyo, ukuvalwa kwevalve ye-mitral kunye ne-tricuspid kunye ne-reflux, ubukhulu bentliziyo, njl. izibhedlele ezimbalwa zine-ECG, enokugweba ngokuchanekileyo imeko enzima.Nangona kunjalo, bonke abanikazi bezilwanyana zasekhaya kufuneka bafumane idatha yoqobo kunye nefomu yokuxilongwa eprintiweyo, bathumele ngaphandle umfanekiso weX-reyi wokuqala kwaye bawugcine kwiselfowuni.UXinchao ushicilela ingxelo kaXinchao kwaye uyigcina ekhaya.Idatha yezibhedlele ezininzi inokugcinwa kuphela kwiinyanga ezi-1-2.Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuyi kuyifumana kamva xa ufuna ukuthelekisa ukuchacha.

Ukuxilongwa kweisifo sentliziyoeyezinjayeyona nto ibalulekileyo.Isigwebo esingafanelekanga sinokukhokelela ekufeni kwenja.Ngokomzekelo, ukuhluleka kwentliziyo kwakubangelwa ekuqaleni.Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukuthothisa ukubetha kwentliziyo kwakhokelela ekungaphumeleli okukhulu kwentliziyo.Ke ngoko, asikukhuthazi ukucebisa iziyobisi kwizifo zentliziyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphezu kweziyobisi ezijoliswe kuyo, siya kusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive kunye neziyobisi zokunciphisa i-trachea kunye ne-bronchus ukunceda ukuphefumla.

PAET EZINTATHU

Izifo zokuphefumla

Ukongeza kwisifo senhliziyo esiqhelekileyo, izifo zokuphefumula nazo ziyiengxaki ezingenakuphepheka kwizinja ezimfutshane ezinempumlo.Elinye ilungu lempumlo, umqala, uqhoqhoqho, ibronchus kunye nemiphunga lihlala ligula, kwaye abanye baya kosulelwa emva komnye.Intliziyo nemiphunga ihlala idityanisiwe.Xa kukho ingxaki yentliziyo, ihlala ikhokelela kwi-edema ye-pulmonary, i-pleural effusion kunye nezinye izifo ezibonakaliswayo, eziya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuphefumla.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uninzi lwezinja ezimfutshane ezinempumlo zizalwa zinentliziyo embi, kodwa azinakugula, kodwa xa kukho izifo kwimiphunga nakwindlela yokuphefumla, zihlala zibangela izifo zentliziyo.

Izifo ezibini eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo yokuphefumla kwizinja ezimfutshane ezinempumlo ziyindalo "inkalakahla ende ethambileyo" kunye ne-tracheobronchia.Ukuba inkalakahla ethambileyo inde kakhulu, iya kucinezela i-epiglottic cartilage, yenze kube nzima ukungena nokuphuma emoyeni, kanye njengocango oluhlala luvulekile kwaye alunakuvuleka ngokupheleleyo.Ngale ndlela, xa idinga ukujikeleza komoya okuninzi ngexesha lokuzilolonga okanye ukushisa, kuya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba, nokuba yi-dyspnea kunye nesiyezi.Enyanisweni, idla ngokubonakaliswa kwinto yokuba izinja ezimfutshane ezinempumlo ziqhelene nobushushu emva kwemisebenzi naxa ubushushu buphezulu ehlotyeni.Kwimeko yokuphefumula okufutshane, ngenxa ye-hypoxia, ukubetha kwentliziyo kuya kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kubangele ukuvela kwesifo senhliziyo.

Abanye abantu bathi okukhona umngxuma wempumlo usiba nde, kokukhona kusezantsi amathuba okuba nosulelo lokuphefumla, nto leyo esengqiqweni.Umngxuma weempumlo uzele ziinwele zempumlo kunye nemithambo yegazi, enoxanduva lokugcina ubushushu bomoya.Xa imozulu ibanda, fudumeza umoya obandayo kwaye upholise umoya xa imozulu ishushu, ukuze ugweme ukuvuselela ngokuthe ngqo umoya emqaleni nakuqhoqhoqho.Ngokufanayo, iinwele zempumlo nazo zidlala indima ekuhluzeni uthuli kunye neebhaktheriya.Akuyena kuphela umqobo wokuqala wokuchasana kwabantu, kodwa kunye nemaski yendalo.Izinja zethu ezithandekayo ezinempumlo emfutshane zinempumlo emfutshane.Le misebenzi ibuthathaka ngokwendalo.Bahlala bebangela usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu okanye ukudibana nento engaphandle.I-tracheitis kunye ne-bronchitis zizifo zabo eziqhelekileyo.Emva koko banokuba ne-tracheal stenosis, i-dyspnea, i-hypoxia… Kwaye bajikeleze kwaye bachaphazele intliziyo.

Lilonke, uninzi lwezinja ezinempumlo ezimfutshane zizinja eziphila ixesha elide.Ngaphandle kwezinja ezinkulu ezifana ne-yingdou, uninzi lwazo lunokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-16. Ngoko ke, kufuneka senze ubushushu obuzinzileyo kubo ngamaxesha ashushu nabandayo unyaka wonke, sinciphise imisebenzi yobundlobongela kunye nemincili, kwaye sinciphise uthuli kunye neendawo ezingcolileyo. .Ndiyakholelwa ukuba baya kukukhapha kubomi obonwabisayo.